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1Humbert, L., D. Gagnon, D.D. Kneeshaw and C. Messier. 2007. A shade tolerance index for common understory species of northeastern North America. Ecological Indicators 7: 195-207.Carex
3Burns, R. M. and B. H. Honkala. 1990. Silvics of North America. Volume 2. Hardwood. Agricultural Handbook 654. Forest Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 877 p.Carex
5OMNR. 2003. Silviculture Guide to Managing Spruce, Fir, Birch, and Aspen Mixedwoods in Ontario’s Boreal Forest. Version 1.0. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., Queen’s Printer for Ontario. 382 p.Carex
6OMNR. 2000. A Slviculture Guide to Managing Southern Ontario Forests. Forest Analyst, Southcentral Sciences Section, OMNR. 654 p.Carex
8Farrar, J. L. 1996. Les arbres du Canada (Trees in Canada). Éditions Fidès. 502 p.Carex
9Frère Marie-Victorin. 1964. Flore Laurentienne. 2e Éd., Montréal, Presses Université de Montréal. 925 p.Carex
10OMNR. 1998. A silvicultural guide for the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence conifer forest in Ontario. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., Queen's Printer for Ontario. Toronto. 424 p.Carex
11OMNR. 1997. Silvicultural guide to managing for black spruce, jack pine and aspen on boreal forest ecosites in Ontario. Version 1.1. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., Queen’s Printer for Ontario, Toronto. 3 books. 822 p.Carex
14Hydro-Québec. 2005. Répertoire des arbres et arbustes ornementaux . Hydro-Québec Distribution. 547 p.Carex
15Jobidon, R. 1995. Autécologie de quelques espèces de compétition d'importance pour la régénération forestière au Québec - Revue de littérature. Mémoire de recherche forestière no 117. Gouvernement du Québec, ministère des Ressources naturelles, Direction de la recherche forestière. 180 p.Carex
24Ringius G. et R. Sims. 1997. Plantes indicatrices des forêts canadiennes. Service canadien des forêts, Ressources naturelles Canada. 217 p.Carex
27Fleurbec, 1987. Plantes sauvages des lacs, rivières, tourbières. Édition Fleurbec, Saint-Augustin, Québec. 399 p. Carex
28Fleurbec, 1978. Plantes sauvages des villes et des champs. Vol. 1. Édition FIDES. 273 p.Carex
29Fleurbec, 1993. Fougères, prêles et lycopodes. Édition Fleurbec, Saint-Henri-de-Lévis, Québec. 511 p.Carex
30Lamoureux, G. 1979. Plantes sauvages printanières. Éditions France-Amérique. 247 p. Carex
32USDA Forest Service. Consulté en mars 2008. (Internet : http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/)Carex
33Bashant, A. L., R. D. Nyland, H. M. Engelman, K. K. Bohn, J. M. Verostek, P. J. Donoso and R. L. Nissen Jr. 2005. The role of interfering plants in regenerating hardwood stands in Northeastern North America: An annotated bibliography for American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), striped maple (Acer pennsylvanicum L.). hobblebush (Viburnum alnifolium Marsh.), hayscented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula L.), New York fern (Thelypteris noveborecensis L.), bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum L.), rasberries (Rubus spp.), and pin cherry (Prunus pennsylvanica L.f.). Univ. Maine, Maine Agric. and For. Exp. Stn. Misc. Publ. 753.Carex
34Nyland, R. D., A. L. Bashant, K. K. Bohn and J. M. Verostek. 2006. Interference to hardwood regeneration in Northeastern North America: Ecologic characteristics of American beech, striped maple, and hobblebush. North. J. Appl. For.: 23(1):53-61.Carex
35Nyland, R. D., A. L. Bashant, K. K. Bohn and J. M. Verostek. 2006. Interference to hardwood regeneration in Northeastern North America: Controlling effects of American beech, striped maple, and hobblebush. North. J. Appl. For.: 23(2):122-132.Carex
36Nyland, R. D., A. L. Bashant, E. F. Heitzman and J. M. Verostek. 2007. Interference to Hardwood Regeneration in Northeastern North America: Pin Cherry and Its Effects. North. J. Appl. For.: 24(1):52-60.Carex
37McRae, D. J. 1998. Effective control of bracken fern by prescribed fire. Pages 199-201 in Popular summaries: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Forest Vegetation Management, August 24-28, 1998, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre.Carex
40Donoso, P. J. and R. D. Nyland. 2006. Interference to hardwood regeneration in Northeastern North America: The effects of raspberries (Rubus spp.) following clearcutting and shelterwood methods. North. J. Appl. For.:23(4):288-296.Carex
41Ministère des ressources naturelles. 1995. Étude comparative des modes de dégagement de la régénération forestière. Annexe A : Les espèces de compétition. 100 p.Carex
42Risenhoover L. and A. Maass. 1987. The influence of moose on the composition and structure of Isle Royale Can. J. For. Res. 17: 357-364 Carex
43Lavoie, C. and A. Saint-Louis. 1999. The spread of grey birch (Betula populifolia) in eastern Quebec: landscapes and historical considerations. Can. J. Bot. 77: 859-868.Carex
44Catling, P. M. and W. Spicer. 1988. The separation of Betula populifolia and Betula pendula and their status in Ontario. Can. J. For. Res. 18: 1017-1026.Carex
45Kemball, K. J. et al. 2005. Response of understory plant communitiy of boreal mixedwood stands to fire, logging, and spruce budworm outbreak. Can. J. Bot. 83: 1550-1560.Carex
46USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. Plant Database. Characteristics. Available : http://plants.usda.gov [2008 April]Carex
48Sharp, W.E., J.E. Halofsky. 2004. Hay-scented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula) and Sugar Mapple (Acer saccharum) seedling occurrence with variying soil acidity in Pennsylvania. Proceedings of the 14th Central Hardwoods Forest Conference. GTR-NE-316 : 265-270.Carex
49Hill, J. D., J. A. Silander. 2001. Distribution and dynamics ot two ferns : Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Dennstaedtiaceae) and Thelypteris Noverbaracensis (Thelypteridaceae) in a Northeast mixed hardwoods-Hemlock forest. American Journal of Botany 88(5) : 894-902.Carex
50De la Crétaz, A. L. and M. J. Kelty, 2006. Control of hay-scented fern by mowing. NJAF 23(3). 149-154.Carex
51Engelman, H.M. and R. D. Nyland. 2006. Interference to hardwood regeneration in Northeastern North America : Assessing on countering ferns in Northern hardwood forests. NJAF 23(3). 166-174.Carex
52Groninger, J.W. and L.H. McCormick. 1992. Effects of soil disturbance on hayscented fern establishment. NJAF 9 (1). 29-31.Carex
53In coll. 1983. Plantes sauvages des villes, des champs et en bordure des chemins (2). Fleurbec, auteur et éditeur, 208 p.Carex
54Rivard, P.G. et al. 1990. The effect of water table depth on white spruce (Picea glauca) seedling growth in association with the marsh reed grass (Calamagrostis canadensis) on wet mineral soil. Can J. For. Res. 20 : 1553-1558.Carex
55Landhäusser, S. M. and V. J. Lieffers, 1999. Rhizome growht of Calamagrostis canadensis into mounds created for tree seedling establishment. New Forests. 18 : 245-262.Carex
56Macey, D. E. and R.S. Winder, 2001. Biological control and the management of Calamagrostis canadensis (Bluejoint Grass). Natural Ressources Canada, Canadian Forest Service. Number 25, July 2001.Carex
PM75Cody, W.J. et D.M.Britton, 1989. Les fougères et les plantes alliées du Canada. Agriculture Canada. 452 p.Carex
PM76Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 14+ vols. New York and Oxford. vol. 23, 2002.Carex
PM 77 Boivin, B., 1992. Les cypéracées de l'est du Canada. Provancheria N° 25, Herbier Louis-Marie, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval. 230 p.Carex

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