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1 Humbert, L., D. Gagnon, D.D. Kneeshaw and C. Messier. 2007. A shade tolerance index for common understory species of northeastern North America. Ecological Indicators 7: 195-207.VIO
3Burns, R. M. and B. H. Honkala. 1990. Silvics of North America. Volume 2. Hardwood. Agricultural Handbook 654. Forest Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 877 p.VIO
5OMNR. 2003. Silviculture Guide to Managing Spruce, Fir, Birch, and Aspen Mixedwoods in Ontario’s Boreal Forest. Version 1.0. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., Queen’s Printer for Ontario. 382 p.VIO
6OMNR. 2000. A Slviculture Guide to Managing Southern Ontario Forests. Forest Analyst, Southcentral Sciences Section, OMNR. 654 p.VIO
8Farrar, J. L. 1996. Les arbres du Canada (Trees in Canada). Éditions Fidès. 502 p.VIO
9Frère Marie-Victorin. 1964. Flore Laurentienne. 2e Éd., Montréal, Presses Université de Montréal. 925 p.VIO
10OMNR. 1998. A silvicultural guide for the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence conifer forest in Ontario. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., Queen's Printer for Ontario. Toronto. 424 p.VIO
11OMNR. 1997. Silvicultural guide to managing for black spruce, jack pine and aspen on boreal forest ecosites in Ontario. Version 1.1. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., Queen’s Printer for Ontario, Toronto. 3 books. 822 p.VIO
14Hydro-Québec. 2005. Répertoire des arbres et arbustes ornementaux . Hydro-Québec Distribution. 547 p.VIO
15Jobidon, R. 1995. Autécologie de quelques espèces de compétition d'importance pour la régénération forestière au Québec - Revue de littérature. Mémoire de recherche forestière no 117. Gouvernement du Québec, ministère des Ressources naturelles, Direction de la recherche forestière. 180 p.VIO
24Ringius G. et R. Sims. 1997. Plantes indicatrices des forêts canadiennes. Service canadien des forêts, Ressources naturelles Canada. 217 p.VIO
27Fleurbec, 1987. Plantes sauvages des lacs, rivières, tourbières. Édition Fleurbec, Saint-Augustin, Québec. 399 p. VIO
29Fleurbec, 1993. Fougères, prêles et lycopodes. Édition Fleurbec, Saint-Henri-de-Lévis, Québec. 511 p.VIO
30Lamoureux, G. 1979. Plantes sauvages printanières. Éditions France-Amérique. 247 p. VIO
32USDA Forest Service. Consulté en mars 2008. (Internet : http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/)VIO
33Bashant, A. L., R. D. Nyland, H. M. Engelman, K. K. Bohn, J. M. Verostek, P. J. Donoso and R. L. Nissen Jr. 2005. The role of interfering plants in regenerating hardwood stands in Northeastern North America: An annotated bibliography for American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), striped maple (Acer pennsylvanicum L.). hobblebush (Viburnum alnifolium Marsh.), hayscented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula L.), New York fern (Thelypteris noveborecensis L.), bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum L.), rasberries (Rubus spp.), and pin cherry (Prunus pennsylvanica L.f.). Univ. Maine, Maine Agric. and For. Exp. Stn. Misc. Publ. 753.VIO
34Nyland, R. D., A. L. Bashant, K. K. Bohn and J. M. Verostek. 2006. Interference to hardwood regeneration in Northeastern North America: Ecologic characteristics of American beech, striped maple, and hobblebush. North. J. Appl. For.: 23(1):53-61.VIO
35Nyland, R. D., A. L. Bashant, K. K. Bohn and J. M. Verostek. 2006. Interference to hardwood regeneration in Northeastern North America: Controlling effects of American beech, striped maple, and hobblebush. North. J. Appl. For.: 23(2):122-132.VIO
36Nyland, R. D., A. L. Bashant, E. F. Heitzman and J. M. Verostek. 2007. Interference to Hardwood Regeneration in Northeastern North America: Pin Cherry and Its Effects. North. J. Appl. For.: 24(1):52-60.VIO
37McRae, D. J. 1998. Effective control of bracken fern by prescribed fire. Pages 199-201 in Popular summaries: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Forest Vegetation Management, August 24-28, 1998, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre.VIO
40Donoso, P. J. and R. D. Nyland. 2006. Interference to hardwood regeneration in Northeastern North America: The effects of raspberries (Rubus spp.) following clearcutting and shelterwood methods. North. J. Appl. For.:23(4):288-296.VIO
41Ministère des ressources naturelles. 1995. Étude comparative des modes de dégagement de la régénération forestière. Annexe A : Les espèces de compétition. 100 p.VIO
42Risenhoover L. and A. Maass. 1987. The influence of moose on the composition and structure of Isle Royale Can. J. For. Res. 17: 357-364 VIO
43Lavoie, C. and A. Saint-Louis. 1999. The spread of grey birch (Betula populifolia) in eastern Quebec: landscapes and historical considerations. Can. J. Bot. 77: 859-868.VIO
44Catling, P. M. and W. Spicer. 1988. The separation of Betula populifolia and Betula pendula and their status in Ontario. Can. J. For. Res. 18: 1017-1026.VIO
45Kemball, K. J. et al. 2005. Response of understory plant communitiy of boreal mixedwood stands to fire, logging, and spruce budworm outbreak. Can. J. Bot. 83: 1550-1560.VIO
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49Truax, B., F. Lambert and D. Gagnon. 2000. Herbicide-free plantations of oaks and ashes along a gradient of open to forested mesic environments. For. Ecol. Manage. 137(1):155-169.VIO
50Meilleur, A., H. Véronneau and A. Bouchard. 1994. Shrub communities as inhibitors of plant succession in southern Quebec. Environ. Manage. 18(6):907-921.VIO
51Aubin, I., M. Beaudet and C. Messier. 2000. Light extinction coefficients specific to the understory vegetation of the southern boreal forest (Québec). Can. J. For. Res. 30(1) : 168-177.VIO
52Aubin, I., C. Messier and D. Kneeshaw. 2005. Population structure and growth acclimation of mountain maple along a sucessional gradient in the southern boreal forest. Ecoscience. 12(4) : 540-548.VIO
53De Grandpré, L., D. Gagnon. and Y. Bergeron. 1993. Changes in the understory of Canadian southern boreal forest after fire. J. Veg. Sci. 4 : 803-810.VIO
54De Grandpré, L., L. Archambault and J. Morissette. 2000. Early understory successional changes following clearcutting in the balsam fir-yellow birch forest. Écoscience. 7(1) : 92-100.VIO
55Archambault, L., J. Morissette and M. Bernier-Cardou. 1998. Forest succession over a 20-year period following clearcutting in balsam fir - yellow birch ecosystems of eastern Québec, Canada. For. Ecol. Manage. 102(1):61-74.VIO
56Bourgeois, L., C. Messier and S. Brais. 2004. Mountain maple and balsam fir early response to partial and clear-cut harvesting under aspen stands of northern Quebec. Can. J. For. Res. 34 : 2049-2059.VIO
57Prévost, M. 2008. Effect of cutting intensity on microenvironmental conditions and regeneration dynamics in yellow birch - conifer stands. Can. J. For. Res. 38 : 317-330.VIO
58Poulin, J. et C. Messier. 2007. Rapport de paramétrisation du modèle de simulation de la dynamique forestière SORTIE-ND pour la forêt boréale et sub-boréale de l’ouest du Québec. Rapport du Centre d'étude de la forêt (CEF), 56 p.VIO
59Rook, E.J.S. 2002. Shrubs of the Northwoods. Available : http://www.rook.org/earl/bwca/nature/shrubs/index.htmlVIO
60Sullivan, J. 1993. Acer spicatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online].U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ [2008, April 27].VIO
61Kneeshaw, D. D., R. K. Kobe, K.D. Coates, and C. Messier. 2006. Sapling size influences shade tolerance ranking among southern boreal tree species. J. Ecol. 94 : 471-480.VIO
62Sullivan, J. R. 1983. Comparative reproductive biology of Acer pensylvanicum and A. spicatum (Aceraceae). American Journal of Botany. 70(6) : 916-924VIO
63Archambault, L., J. Morissette et M. Bernier-Cardou. 1997. Succession forestière après feu dans la sapinière à bouleau jaune du Bas-Saint-Laurent, Québec . For. Chron. 73(6) : 702-710.VIO
64Nyland, R. D., A. L. Bashant, K. K. Bohn and J. M. Verostek. 2006. Interference to hardwood regeneration in northeastern North America : Ecological characteristics of American beech, striped maple, and hobblebush. North. J. Appl. For. 23(1) : 53-61.VIO
65Lei, T. T. and M. J. Lechowicz. 1997. Functional responses of Acer species to two simulated forest gap environments : leaf-level properties and photosynthesis. Photosynthetica 33(2) : 277-289.VIO
66McGee, G. G. and J. P. Birmingham. 1997. Decaying logs as germination sites in northern hardwood forests. North. J. Appl. For. 14(4) : 178-182.VIO
67Bourgoin, A. and J. D. Simpson. 2004. Soaking, moist-chilling, and temperature effects on germination of Acer pensylvanicum seeds. Can. J. For. Res. 34(10) : 2181-2185.VIO
68Leak, W. B. and M.-L. Smith. 1997. Long-term species and structural changes after cleaning young even-aged northern hardwoods in New Hampshire, USA. For. Ecol. Manage. 95 : 11-20.VIO
69Leak, W. B. 2006. Sixty years of change in the sapling understories of northern hardwood selection stands in New Hampshire. North. J. Appl. For. 23(4) : 301-303.VIO
70McClure, J. W. andT. D. Lee. 1993. Small-scale disturbance in a northern hardwoods forest : effects on tree species abundance and distribution. Can. J. For. Res. 23 : 1347-1360.VIO
71Hibbs, D. E., B. F. Wilson and B. C. Fisher. 1980. Habitat requirements and growth of striped maple (Acer pensylvanicum L.). Ecology. 61 : 490-496.VIO
72Wilson, B. F. and B. C. Fischer. 1977. Striped maple : shoot growth and bud formation related to light intensity. Can. J. For. Res. 7 : 1-7.VIO
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