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1 Humbert, L., D. Gagnon, D.D. Kneeshaw and C. Messier. 2007. A shade tolerance index for common understory species of northeastern North America. Ecological Indicators 7: 195-207.SAL
3Burns, R. M. and B. H. Honkala. 1990. Silvics of North America. Volume 2. Hardwood. Agricultural Handbook 654. Forest Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 877 p.SAL
5OMNR. 2003. Silviculture Guide to Managing Spruce, Fir, Birch, and Aspen Mixedwoods in Ontario’s Boreal Forest. Version 1.0. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., Queen’s Printer for Ontario. 382 p.SAL
6OMNR. 2000. A Slviculture Guide to Managing Southern Ontario Forests. Forest Analyst, Southcentral Sciences Section, OMNR. 654 p.SAL
8Farrar, J. L. 1996. Les arbres du Canada (Trees in Canada). Éditions Fidès. 502 p.SAL
9Frère Marie-Victorin. 1964. Flore Laurentienne. 2e Éd., Montréal, Presses Université de Montréal. 925 p.SAL
10OMNR. 1998. A silvicultural guide for the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence conifer forest in Ontario. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., Queen's Printer for Ontario. Toronto. 424 p.SAL
11OMNR. 1997. Silvicultural guide to managing for black spruce, jack pine and aspen on boreal forest ecosites in Ontario. Version 1.1. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., Queen’s Printer for Ontario, Toronto. 3 books. 822 p.SAL
14Hydro-Québec. 2005. Répertoire des arbres et arbustes ornementaux . Hydro-Québec Distribution. 547 p.SAL
15Jobidon, R. 1995. Autécologie de quelques espèces de compétition d'importance pour la régénération forestière au Québec - Revue de littérature. Mémoire de recherche forestière no 117. Gouvernement du Québec, ministère des Ressources naturelles, Direction de la recherche forestière. 180 p.SAL
24Ringius G. et R. Sims. 1997. Plantes indicatrices des forêts canadiennes. Service canadien des forêts, Ressources naturelles Canada. 217 p.SAL
27Fleurbec, 1987. Plantes sauvages des lacs, rivières, tourbières. Édition Fleurbec, Saint-Augustin, Québec. 399 p. SAL
29Fleurbec, 1993. Fougères, prêles et lycopodes. Édition Fleurbec, Saint-Henri-de-Lévis, Québec. 511 p.SAL
30Lamoureux, G. 1979. Plantes sauvages printanières. Éditions France-Amérique. 247 p. SAL
32USDA Forest Service. Consulté en mars 2008. (Internet : http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/)SAL
33Bashant, A. L., R. D. Nyland, H. M. Engelman, K. K. Bohn, J. M. Verostek, P. J. Donoso and R. L. Nissen Jr. 2005. The role of interfering plants in regenerating hardwood stands in Northeastern North America: An annotated bibliography for American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), striped maple (Acer pennsylvanicum L.). hobblebush (Viburnum alnifolium Marsh.), hayscented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula L.), New York fern (Thelypteris noveborecensis L.), bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum L.), rasberries (Rubus spp.), and pin cherry (Prunus pennsylvanica L.f.). Univ. Maine, Maine Agric. and For. Exp. Stn. Misc. Publ. 753.SAL
34Nyland, R. D., A. L. Bashant, K. K. Bohn and J. M. Verostek. 2006. Interference to hardwood regeneration in Northeastern North America: Ecologic characteristics of American beech, striped maple, and hobblebush. North. J. Appl. For.: 23(1):53-61.SAL
35Nyland, R. D., A. L. Bashant, K. K. Bohn and J. M. Verostek. 2006. Interference to hardwood regeneration in Northeastern North America: Controlling effects of American beech, striped maple, and hobblebush. North. J. Appl. For.: 23(2):122-132.SAL
36Nyland, R. D., A. L. Bashant, E. F. Heitzman and J. M. Verostek. 2007. Interference to Hardwood Regeneration in Northeastern North America: Pin Cherry and Its Effects. North. J. Appl. For.: 24(1):52-60.SAL
37McRae, D. J. 1998. Effective control of bracken fern by prescribed fire. Pages 199-201 in Popular summaries: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Forest Vegetation Management, August 24-28, 1998, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre.SAL
40Donoso, P. J. and R. D. Nyland. 2006. Interference to hardwood regeneration in Northeastern North America: The effects of raspberries (Rubus spp.) following clearcutting and shelterwood methods. North. J. Appl. For.:23(4):288-296.SAL
41Ministère des ressources naturelles. 1995. Étude comparative des modes de dégagement de la régénération forestière. Annexe A : Les espèces de compétition. 100 p.SAL
42Risenhoover L. and A. Maass. 1987. The influence of moose on the composition and structure of Isle Royale Can. J. For. Res. 17: 357-364 SAL
43Lavoie, C. and A. Saint-Louis. 1999. The spread of grey birch (Betula populifolia) in eastern Quebec: landscapes and historical considerations. Can. J. Bot. 77: 859-868.SAL
44Catling, P. M. and W. Spicer. 1988. The separation of Betula populifolia and Betula pendula and their status in Ontario. Can. J. For. Res. 18: 1017-1026.SAL
45Kemball, K. J. et al. 2005. Response of understory plant communitiy of boreal mixedwood stands to fire, logging, and spruce budworm outbreak. Can. J. Bot. 83: 1550-1560.SAL
46USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. Plant Database. Characteristics. Available : http://plants.usda.gov [2008 April]SAL
48Pitt, D. G., M. T. Dumas, R. E. Wall, D. G. Thompson, L. Lanteigne, W. Hintz, G. Sampson and R. G. Wagner. 1999. Chondrostereum purpureum as a biological control agent in forest vegetation management. I. Efficacy on speckled alder, red maple, and aspen in eastern Canada. Can. J. For. Res. 29(7):841 - 851.SAL
49Truax, B., F. Lambert and D. Gagnon. 2000. Herbicide-free plantations of oaks and ashes along a gradient of open to forested mesic environments. For. Ecol. Manage. 137(1):155-169.SAL
50Meilleur, A., H. Véronneau and A. Bouchard. 1994. Shrub communities as inhibitors of plant succession in southern Quebec. Environ. Manage. 18(6):907-921.SAL
51PCBell. F. W. 1991. Critical silvics of conifer crop species annd selected competitive vegetation in Northwestern Ontario. For. Can. Ont. Région, Sault Ste. Marie, Ont./Northw. Ont. For. Tech. Dev. Unit, Min. Nat. Resour., Thunderbay, Ont. COFRDA Rep. 3310 / NWOFTDU Tech. rep. 19. 177 p.SAL
52PCPurdon, M., S. Brais and Y. Bergeron. 2004. Initial response of understorey vegetation to fire severity and salvage-logging in the southern boreal forest of Québec. Appl. Veg. Sc. 7 : 49-60.SAL
53PCHarvey, B.D., A. Leduc and Y. Bergeron. 1995. Early postharvest succession in relation to site type in the southern boreal forest of Quebec. Can. J. For. Res. 25 : 1658-1672.SAL
54PCWhaley, R. and B. Polhill. 1998. The clearcut silvicultural system as related to vegetation managemnt. Northwest Sci. & technol. Technical Note. TN-41. 10 p. SAL
64PCTesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available : http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ [2008, July 11].SAL
65PCGucker, Corey L. 2007. Salix discolor. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available : http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ [ 2008, July 11].SAL
61PCHumbert, L., D. Gagnon, D.D. Kneeshaw and C. Messier. 2007. A shade tolerance index for common understory species of northeastern North America. Ecological Indicators 7 : 195-207.SAL

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