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1 Humbert, L., D. Gagnon, D.D. Kneeshaw and C. Messier. 2007. A shade tolerance index for common understory species of northeastern North America. Ecological Indicators 7: 195-207.PTA
3Burns, R. M. and B. H. Honkala. 1990. Silvics of North America. Volume 2. Hardwood. Agricultural Handbook 654. Forest Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 877 p.PTA
5OMNR. 2003. Silviculture Guide to Managing Spruce, Fir, Birch, and Aspen Mixedwoods in Ontario’s Boreal Forest. Version 1.0. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., Queen’s Printer for Ontario. 382 p.PTA
6OMNR. 2000. A Slviculture Guide to Managing Southern Ontario Forests. Forest Analyst, Southcentral Sciences Section, OMNR. 654 p.PTA
8Farrar, J. L. 1996. Les arbres du Canada (Trees in Canada). Éditions Fidès. 502 p.PTA
9Frère Marie-Victorin. 1964. Flore Laurentienne. 2e Éd., Montréal, Presses Université de Montréal. 925 p.PTA
10OMNR. 1998. A silvicultural guide for the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence conifer forest in Ontario. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., Queen's Printer for Ontario. Toronto. 424 p.PTA
11OMNR. 1997. Silvicultural guide to managing for black spruce, jack pine and aspen on boreal forest ecosites in Ontario. Version 1.1. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., Queen’s Printer for Ontario, Toronto. 3 books. 822 p.PTA
14Hydro-Québec. 2005. Répertoire des arbres et arbustes ornementaux . Hydro-Québec Distribution. 547 p.PTA
15Jobidon, R. 1995. Autécologie de quelques espèces de compétition d'importance pour la régénération forestière au Québec - Revue de littérature. Mémoire de recherche forestière no 117. Gouvernement du Québec, ministère des Ressources naturelles, Direction de la recherche forestière. 180 p.PTA
23Mulligan, G. A. 1979. The biology of Canadian Weeds. Volume 1. Contributions 1-32. Agricultural Institute of Canada. Ottawa, Ontario.PTA
24Ringius G. et R. Sims. 1997. Plantes indicatrices des forêts canadiennes. Service canadien des forêts, Ressources naturelles Canada. 217 p.PTA
27Fleurbec, 1987. Plantes sauvages des lacs, rivières, tourbières. Édition Fleurbec, Saint-Augustin, Québec. 399 p. PTA
29Fleurbec, 1993. Fougères, prêles et lycopodes. Édition Fleurbec, Saint-Henri-de-Lévis, Québec. 511 p.PTA
30Lamoureux, G. 1979. Plantes sauvages printanières. Éditions France-Amérique. 247 p. PTA
32USDA Forest Service. Consulté en mars 2008. (Internet : http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/)PTA
33Bashant, A. L., R. D. Nyland, H. M. Engelman, K. K. Bohn, J. M. Verostek, P. J. Donoso and R. L. Nissen Jr. 2005. The role of interfering plants in regenerating hardwood stands in Northeastern North America: An annotated bibliography for American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), striped maple (Acer pennsylvanicum L.). hobblebush (Viburnum alnifolium Marsh.), hayscented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula L.), New York fern (Thelypteris noveborecensis L.), bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum L.), rasberries (Rubus spp.), and pin cherry (Prunus pennsylvanica L.f.). Univ. Maine, Maine Agric. and For. Exp. Stn. Misc. Publ. 753.PTA
34Nyland, R. D., A. L. Bashant, K. K. Bohn and J. M. Verostek. 2006. Interference to hardwood regeneration in Northeastern North America: Ecologic characteristics of American beech, striped maple, and hobblebush. North. J. Appl. For.: 23(1):53-61.PTA
35Nyland, R. D., A. L. Bashant, K. K. Bohn and J. M. Verostek. 2006. Interference to hardwood regeneration in Northeastern North America: Controlling effects of American beech, striped maple, and hobblebush. North. J. Appl. For.: 23(2):122-132.PTA
36Nyland, R. D., A. L. Bashant, E. F. Heitzman and J. M. Verostek. 2007. Interference to Hardwood Regeneration in Northeastern North America: Pin Cherry and Its Effects. North. J. Appl. For.: 24(1):52-60.PTA
37McRae, D. J. 1998. Effective control of bracken fern by prescribed fire. Pages 199-201 in Popular summaries: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Forest Vegetation Management, August 24-28, 1998, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre.PTA
40Donoso, P. J. and R. D. Nyland. 2006. Interference to hardwood regeneration in Northeastern North America: The effects of raspberries (Rubus spp.) following clearcutting and shelterwood methods. North. J. Appl. For.:23(4):288-296.PTA
41Ministère des ressources naturelles. 1995. Étude comparative des modes de dégagement de la régénération forestière. Annexe A : Les espèces de compétition. 100 p.PTA
42Risenhoover L. and A. Maass. 1987. The influence of moose on the composition and structure of Isle Royale Can. J. For. Res. 17: 357-364 PTA
43Lavoie, C. and A. Saint-Louis. 1999. The spread of grey birch (Betula populifolia) in eastern Quebec: landscapes and historical considerations. Can. J. Bot. 77: 859-868.PTA
44Catling, P. M. and W. Spicer. 1988. The separation of Betula populifolia and Betula pendula and their status in Ontario. Can. J. For. Res. 18: 1017-1026.PTA
45Kemball, K. J. et al. 2005. Response of understory plant communitiy of boreal mixedwood stands to fire, logging, and spruce budworm outbreak. Can. J. Bot. 83: 1550-1560.PTA
46USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. Plant Database. Characteristics. Available : http://plants.usda.gov [2008 April]PTA
48Sharp, W.E., J.E. Halofsky. 2004. Hay-scented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula) and Sugar Mapple (Acer saccharum) seedling occurrence with variying soil acidity in Pennsylvania. Proceedings of the 14th Central Hardwoods Forest Conference. GTR-NE-316 : 265-270.PTA
49Hill, J. D., J. A. Silander. 2001. Distribution and dynamics ot two ferns : Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Dennstaedtiaceae) and Thelypteris Noverbaracensis (Thelypteridaceae) in a Northeast mixed hardwoods-Hemlock forest. American Journal of Botany 88(5) : 894-902.PTA
50De la Crétaz, A. L. and M. J. Kelty, 2006. Control of hay-scented fern by mowing. NJAF 23(3). 149-154.PTA
51Engelman, H.M. and R. D. Nyland. 2006. Interference to hardwood regeneration in Northeastern North America : Assessing on countering ferns in Northern hardwood forests. NJAF 23(3). 166-174.PTA
52Groninger, J.W. and L.H. McCormick. 1992. Effects of soil disturbance on hayscented fern establishment. NJAF 9 (1). 29-31.PTA
53In coll. 1983. Plantes sauvages des villes, des champs et en bordure des chemins (2). Fleurbec, auteur et éditeur, 208 p.PTA
54Rivard, P.G. et al. 1990. The effect of water table depth on white spruce (Picea glauca) seedling growth in association with the marsh reed grass (Calamagrostis canadensis) on wet mineral soil. Can J. For. Res. 20 : 1553-1558.PTA
55Landhäusser, S. M. and V. J. Lieffers, 1999. Rhizome growht of Calamagrostis canadensis into mounds created for tree seedling establishment. New Forests. 18 : 245-262.PTA
56Macey, D. E. and R.S. Winder, 2001. Biological control and the management of Calamagrostis canadensis (Bluejoint Grass). Natural Ressources Canada, Canadian Forest Service. Number 25, July 2001.PTA
55PCHaeussler. S. and Y. Bergeron. 2004. Range of variability in boreal aspent plant communities after wildfire and clear cutting. Can. J. For. Res. 34 : 274-288. PTA
58PCCrane, M. F. 1990. Pteridium aquilinum. In : Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available : http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ [2008, June 25].PTA
59PC Wagner, R.G. and A.P. Robinson. 2006. Criticial period of interpsecific competition for four northern conifers: 10 year-growth response and associated vegetation dynamics. Can. J. For. Res. 36 : 2474-2485.PTA
60PCNguyen-Xuan, T., Y. Bergeron, D. Simard, J. W. Fyles, and D. Paré. 2000. The importance of forest floor disturbance in the early regeneration patterns of the boreal forest of western and central Quebec: a wildfire versus logging comparison. Can. J. For. Res. 30 :1353–1364.PTA
61PCHumbert, L., D. Gagnon, D. Kneeshaw and C. Messier. 2007. A shade tolerance index for common understory species of northeastern North America. Ecological Indicators. 7 : 195-207.PTA

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