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33Bashant, A. L., R. D. Nyland, H. M. Engelman, K. K. Bohn, J. M. Verostek, P. J. Donoso and R. L. Nissen Jr. 2005. The role of interfering plants in regenerating hardwood stands in Northeastern North America: An annotated bibliography for American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), striped maple (Acer pennsylvanicum L.). hobblebush (Viburnum alnifolium Marsh.), hayscented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula L.), New York fern (Thelypteris noveborecensis L.), bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum L.), rasberries (Rubus spp.), and pin cherry (Prunus pennsylvanica L.f.). Univ. Maine, Maine Agric. and For. Exp. Stn. Misc. Publ. 753.LEG
34Nyland, R. D., A. L. Bashant, K. K. Bohn and J. M. Verostek. 2006. Interference to hardwood regeneration in Northeastern North America: Ecologic characteristics of American beech, striped maple, and hobblebush. North. J. Appl. For.: 23(1):53-61.LEG
35Nyland, R. D., A. L. Bashant, K. K. Bohn and J. M. Verostek. 2006. Interference to hardwood regeneration in Northeastern North America: Controlling effects of American beech, striped maple, and hobblebush. North. J. Appl. For.: 23(2):122-132.LEG
36Nyland, R. D., A. L. Bashant, E. F. Heitzman and J. M. Verostek. 2007. Interference to Hardwood Regeneration in Northeastern North America: Pin Cherry and Its Effects. North. J. Appl. For.: 24(1):52-60.LEG
37McRae, D. J. 1998. Effective control of bracken fern by prescribed fire. Pages 199-201 in Popular summaries: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Forest Vegetation Management, August 24-28, 1998, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre.LEG
40Donoso, P. J. and R. D. Nyland. 2006. Interference to hardwood regeneration in Northeastern North America: The effects of raspberries (Rubus spp.) following clearcutting and shelterwood methods. North. J. Appl. For.:23(4):288-296.LEG
41Ministère des ressources naturelles. 1995. Étude comparative des modes de dégagement de la régénération forestière. Annexe A : Les espèces de compétition. 100 p.LEG
42Risenhoover L. and A. Maass. 1987. The influence of moose on the composition and structure of Isle Royale Can. J. For. Res. 17: 357-364 LEG
43Lavoie, C. and A. Saint-Louis. 1999. The spread of grey birch (Betula populifolia) in eastern Quebec: landscapes and historical considerations. Can. J. Bot. 77: 859-868.LEG
44Catling, P. M. and W. Spicer. 1988. The separation of Betula populifolia and Betula pendula and their status in Ontario. Can. J. For. Res. 18: 1017-1026.LEG
45Kemball, K. J. et al. 2005. Response of understory plant communitiy of boreal mixedwood stands to fire, logging, and spruce budworm outbreak. Can. J. Bot. 83: 1550-1560.LEG
46USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. Plant Database. Characteristics. Available : http://plants.usda.gov [2008 April]LEG
57Titus, B.D., S.S. Sidhu et A.U. Mallik. 1995. A summary of some studies on Kalmia angustifolia L. : a problem species in Newfoundland forestry, Report N-X-296. Canadian Forest Service, St-John, Terre-Neuve. 84 p.LEG
58Thiffault, N., 2006. Remise en production des landes à éricacées : résultats de quinze ans d’un essai sylvicole sur la Côte-Nord. Ministère des Ressources naturelles du Québec. Direction de la recherche forestière et Direction de l’environnement forestier. Note de recherche forestière 132, Thiffault. 11 p.LEG
59Thiffault, N. et P. Grondin, 2003. Envahissement des parterres de coupe par les éricacées, pp. 103-130. in Les enjeux de biodiversité relatifs à la composition forestière, P. Grondin et A. Cimon, éditeurs. Ministère des Ressources naturelles du Québec. Direction de la recherche forestière et Direction de l’environnement forestier.LEG
60Jaynes R. A. 1997. Kalmia: mountain laurel and related species. Timber press, inc., Portland.LEG
61Campbell D., L. Rochefort and C. Lavoie. 2003. Determining the immigration potential of plants colonizing disturbed environments : the case of milled peatlands in Quebec. Journal of applied ecology. 40 : 78-91.LEG
62Campbell D. and L. Rochefort, 2003. Germination and seedling growth of bog plants in relation to the recolonization of milled peatlands. Plant Ecology 169, 71.LEG
63Thiffault N., B.D. Titus and A.D. Munson, 2005. Silvicultural options to promote seedling establishment on Kalmia-Vaccinium dominated sites. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 20, 110-121.LEG
64Thiffault N. 2006. Remise en production des landes à éricacées : résultats de 15 ans d’un essai sylvicole sur la Côte-Nord. Note de recherche forestière 132, Ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune, Direction de la recherche forestière. 12 p.LEG
65Thiffault N. and R. Jobidon, 2006. How to shift unproductive Kalmia angustifolia - Rhododendron groenlandicum heath to productive conifer plantation. Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue canadienne de recherche forestière, 36, 2364-2376.LEG
66Malloch, D. and A. U. Mallik, 1998. Taxonomy of Orphnodactylis kalmiae gen. etsp.nov. influenced by the hyperparasite Didymosphaeria kalmiae. Can. J. Bot. 76 : 1265–1275.LEG
67Inderjit and A. U. Mallik, 1997. Effects of Ledum Groenlandicum Amendments on Soil Characteristics and Black Spruce Seedling Growth. Plant Ecology 133, 29-36.LEG
68Inderjit and A. U. Mallik, 1996. Growth and Physiological Responses of Black Spruce (Picea mariana) to Sites Dominated by Ledum groenlandicum. Journal of Chemical Ecology 22, 575-585.LEG
69Lavoie M., D. Paré and Y. Bergeron, 2006. Unusual effect of controlling aboveground competition by Ledum groenlandicum on black spruce (Picea mariana) in boreal forested peatland. Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne de Recherche Forestiere 36, 2058-2062.LEG
70Gucker, C. L., 2006. Ledum groenlandicum. In : Fire Effects Information System [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available : http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ [2007, November 2]. LEG
71Tirmenstein, D. A. 1991. Vaccinium angustifolium. In : Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available : http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ [2007, November 5].LEG
72Tirmenstein, D. 1990. Vaccinium myrtilloides. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available : http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ [2007, November 6].LEG
73Hall et al.1979. The biological flora of Canada.1. Vaccinium angustifolium Ait, Sweet lowbush blueberry. Canadian Field Naturalist. 93 : 415-430.LEG
74Thiffault, N., B. D. Titus and A. D. Munson. 2004. Black spruce seedlings in a Kalmia-Vaccinium association : microsite manipulation to explore interactions in the field. Can. J. For. Res. 34, 1657-1668.LEG
76Joanisse, G.D., R.L. Bradley, C.M. Preston and A.D. Munson. 2007. Soil enzyme inhibition by condensed litter tannins may drive ecosystem structure and processes: the case of Kalmia angustifolia. New Phytologist 175 : 535-546. LEG
77Joanisse, G.D., R.L. Bradley, C.M. Preston and G.D. Bending. 2008. Sequestration of soil nitrogen as tannin–protein complexes may improve the competitive ability of sheep laurel (Kalmia angustifolia) relative to black spruce (Picea mariana). New Phytologist, In press.LEG

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