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1Humbert, L., D. Gagnon, D.D. Kneeshaw and C. Messier. 2007. A shade tolerance index for common understory species of northeastern North America. Ecological Indicators 7: 195-207.ERP
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10OMNR. 1998. A silvicultural guide for the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence conifer forest in Ontario. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., Queen's Printer for Ontario. Toronto. 424 p.ERP
11OMNR. 1997. Silvicultural guide to managing for black spruce, jack pine and aspen on boreal forest ecosites in Ontario. Version 1.1. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., Queen’s Printer for Ontario, Toronto. 3 books. 822 p.ERP
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27Fleurbec, 1987. Plantes sauvages des lacs, rivières, tourbières. Édition Fleurbec, Saint-Augustin, Québec. 399 p. ERP
29Fleurbec, 1993. Fougères, prêles et lycopodes. Édition Fleurbec, Saint-Henri-de-Lévis, Québec. 511 p.ERP
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32USDA Forest Service. Consulté en mars 2008. (Internet : http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/)ERP
33Bashant, A. L., R. D. Nyland, H. M. Engelman, K. K. Bohn, J. M. Verostek, P. J. Donoso and R. L. Nissen Jr. 2005. The role of interfering plants in regenerating hardwood stands in Northeastern North America: An annotated bibliography for American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), striped maple (Acer pennsylvanicum L.). hobblebush (Viburnum alnifolium Marsh.), hayscented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula L.), New York fern (Thelypteris noveborecensis L.), bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum L.), rasberries (Rubus spp.), and pin cherry (Prunus pennsylvanica L.f.). Univ. Maine, Maine Agric. and For. Exp. Stn. Misc. Publ. 753.ERP
34Nyland, R. D., A. L. Bashant, K. K. Bohn and J. M. Verostek. 2006. Interference to hardwood regeneration in Northeastern North America: Ecologic characteristics of American beech, striped maple, and hobblebush. North. J. Appl. For.: 23(1):53-61.ERP
35Nyland, R. D., A. L. Bashant, K. K. Bohn and J. M. Verostek. 2006. Interference to hardwood regeneration in Northeastern North America: Controlling effects of American beech, striped maple, and hobblebush. North. J. Appl. For.: 23(2):122-132.ERP
36Nyland, R. D., A. L. Bashant, E. F. Heitzman and J. M. Verostek. 2007. Interference to Hardwood Regeneration in Northeastern North America: Pin Cherry and Its Effects. North. J. Appl. For.: 24(1):52-60.ERP
37McRae, D. J. 1998. Effective control of bracken fern by prescribed fire. Pages 199-201 in Popular summaries: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Forest Vegetation Management, August 24-28, 1998, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre.ERP
40Donoso, P. J. and R. D. Nyland. 2006. Interference to hardwood regeneration in Northeastern North America: The effects of raspberries (Rubus spp.) following clearcutting and shelterwood methods. North. J. Appl. For.:23(4):288-296.ERP
41Ministère des ressources naturelles. 1995. Étude comparative des modes de dégagement de la régénération forestière. Annexe A : Les espèces de compétition. 100 p.ERP
42Risenhoover L. and A. Maass. 1987. The influence of moose on the composition and structure of Isle Royale Can. J. For. Res. 17: 357-364 ERP
43Lavoie, C. and A. Saint-Louis. 1999. The spread of grey birch (Betula populifolia) in eastern Quebec: landscapes and historical considerations. Can. J. Bot. 77: 859-868.ERP
44Catling, P. M. and W. Spicer. 1988. The separation of Betula populifolia and Betula pendula and their status in Ontario. Can. J. For. Res. 18: 1017-1026.ERP
45Kemball, K. J. et al. 2005. Response of understory plant communitiy of boreal mixedwood stands to fire, logging, and spruce budworm outbreak. Can. J. Bot. 83: 1550-1560.ERP
46USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. Plant Database. Characteristics. Available : http://plants.usda.gov [2008 April]ERP
48Pitt, D. G., M. T. Dumas, R. E. Wall, D. G. Thompson, L. Lanteigne, W. Hintz, G. Sampson and R. G. Wagner. 1999. Chondrostereum purpureum as a biological control agent in forest vegetation management. I. Efficacy on speckled alder, red maple, and aspen in eastern Canada. Can. J. For. Res. 29(7):841 - 851.ERP
49Truax, B., F. Lambert and D. Gagnon. 2000. Herbicide-free plantations of oaks and ashes along a gradient of open to forested mesic environments. For. Ecol. Manage. 137(1):155-169.ERP
50Meilleur, A., H. Véronneau and A. Bouchard. 1994. Shrub communities as inhibitors of plant succession in southern Quebec. Environ. Manage. 18(6):907-921.ERP
51Aubin, I., M. Beaudet and C. Messier. 2000. Light extinction coefficients specific to the understory vegetation of the southern boreal forest (Québec). Can. J. For. Res. 30(1) : 168-177.ERP
52Aubin, I., C. Messier and D. Kneeshaw. 2005. Population structure and growth acclimation of mountain maple along a sucessional gradient in the southern boreal forest. Ecoscience. 12(4) : 540-548.ERP
53De Grandpré, L., D. Gagnon. and Y. Bergeron. 1993. Changes in the understory of Canadian southern boreal forest after fire. J. Veg. Sci. 4 : 803-810.ERP
54De Grandpré, L., L. Archambault and J. Morissette. 2000. Early understory successional changes following clearcutting in the balsam fir-yellow birch forest. Écoscience. 7(1) : 92-100.ERP
55Archambault, L., J. Morissette and M. Bernier-Cardou. 1998. Forest succession over a 20-year period following clearcutting in balsam fir - yellow birch ecosystems of eastern Québec, Canada. For. Ecol. Manage. 102(1):61-74.ERP
56Bourgeois, L., C. Messier and S. Brais. 2004. Mountain maple and balsam fir early response to partial and clear-cut harvesting under aspen stands of northern Quebec. Can. J. For. Res. 34 : 2049-2059.ERP
57Prévost, M. 2008. Effect of cutting intensity on microenvironmental conditions and regeneration dynamics in yellow birch - conifer stands. Can. J. For. Res. 38 : 317-330.ERP
58Poulin, J. et C. Messier. 2007. Rapport de paramétrisation du modèle de simulation de la dynamique forestière SORTIE-ND pour la forêt boréale et sub-boréale de l’ouest du Québec. Rapport du Centre d'étude de la forêt (CEF), 56 p.ERP
59Rook, E.J.S. 2002. Shrubs of the Northwoods. Available : http://www.rook.org/earl/bwca/nature/shrubs/index.htmlERP
60Sullivan, J. 1993. Acer spicatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online].U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ [2008, April 27].ERP
61Kneeshaw, D. D., R. K. Kobe, K.D. Coates, and C. Messier. 2006. Sapling size influences shade tolerance ranking among southern boreal tree species. J. Ecol. 94 : 471-480.ERP
62Sullivan, J. R. 1983. Comparative reproductive biology of Acer pensylvanicum and A. spicatum (Aceraceae). American Journal of Botany. 70(6) : 916-924ERP
63Archambault, L., J. Morissette et M. Bernier-Cardou. 1997. Succession forestière après feu dans la sapinière à bouleau jaune du Bas-Saint-Laurent, Québec . For. Chron. 73(6) : 702-710.ERP
64Nyland, R. D., A. L. Bashant, K. K. Bohn and J. M. Verostek. 2006. Interference to hardwood regeneration in northeastern North America : Ecological characteristics of American beech, striped maple, and hobblebush. North. J. Appl. For. 23(1) : 53-61.ERP
65Lei, T. T. and M. J. Lechowicz. 1997. Functional responses of Acer species to two simulated forest gap environments : leaf-level properties and photosynthesis. Photosynthetica 33(2) : 277-289.ERP
66McGee, G. G. and J. P. Birmingham. 1997. Decaying logs as germination sites in northern hardwood forests. North. J. Appl. For. 14(4) : 178-182.ERP
67Bourgoin, A. and J. D. Simpson. 2004. Soaking, moist-chilling, and temperature effects on germination of Acer pensylvanicum seeds. Can. J. For. Res. 34(10) : 2181-2185.ERP
68Leak, W. B. and M.-L. Smith. 1997. Long-term species and structural changes after cleaning young even-aged northern hardwoods in New Hampshire, USA. For. Ecol. Manage. 95 : 11-20.ERP
69Leak, W. B. 2006. Sixty years of change in the sapling understories of northern hardwood selection stands in New Hampshire. North. J. Appl. For. 23(4) : 301-303.ERP
70McClure, J. W. andT. D. Lee. 1993. Small-scale disturbance in a northern hardwoods forest : effects on tree species abundance and distribution. Can. J. For. Res. 23 : 1347-1360.ERP
71Hibbs, D. E., B. F. Wilson and B. C. Fisher. 1980. Habitat requirements and growth of striped maple (Acer pensylvanicum L.). Ecology. 61 : 490-496.ERP
72Wilson, B. F. and B. C. Fischer. 1977. Striped maple : shoot growth and bud formation related to light intensity. Can. J. For. Res. 7 : 1-7.ERP
73Nyland, R. D., A. L. Bashant, K. K. Bohn and J. M. Verostek. 2006. Interference to hardwood regeneration in northeastern North America : Controlling effects of American beech, striped maple and hobblebush. North. J. Appl. For. 23(2).ERP
74Sipe, T. W. and F. A. Bazzaz. 1995. Gap partitioning among maples (Acer) in Central New England: survival and growth. Ecology. 76(5) : 1587-1602.ERP
75Beaudet, M. 2004. Modélisation des effets du jardinage de différentes intensités sur les érablières en Estrie. Rapport final de projet CRSNG-industriel présenté a Domtar. 108 pp.ERP
76Hibbs, D. E. and B. C. Fischer. 1979. Sexual and vegetative reproduction of striped maple (Acer pensylvanicum L.). Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 106(3) : 222-227.ERP
77Stalter, A. M., M. E. Krasny and T. J. Fahey. 1997. Sprouting and layering of Acer pensylvanicum L. in hardwood forests of central New-York. J. of the Torrey Botanical Society. 124(3) : 246-253.ERP
78Roberts, M. R. and H. Dong. 1993. Effects of soil organic layer removal on regeneration after clear-cutting a northern hardwood stand in New Brunswick. Can. J. For. Res. 23 : 2093-2100.ERP
79White, A. S. and K. J. Elliott. 1992. Predicting the effects of hardwood competition on red pine seedlings growth. Can. J. For. Res. 22 : 1510-1515.ERP
80Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Acer pensylvanicum. In : Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available : http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ [2008, May 29].ERP
81Elliott, K. J., R. L. Hendrick, A. E. Major, J. M. Vose and W. T. Swank. 1999. Vegetation dynamics after a prescribed fire in the southern Appalachians. Forest Ecology and Management. 114(2-3) : 199-213.ERP

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