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1Humbert, L., D. Gagnon, D.D. Kneeshaw and C. Messier. 2007. A shade tolerance index for common understory species of northeastern North America. Ecological Indicators 7: 195-207.ERE
3Burns, R. M. and B. H. Honkala. 1990. Silvics of North America. Volume 2. Hardwood. Agricultural Handbook 654. Forest Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 877 p.ERE
5OMNR. 2003. Silviculture Guide to Managing Spruce, Fir, Birch, and Aspen Mixedwoods in Ontario’s Boreal Forest. Version 1.0. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., Queen’s Printer for Ontario. 382 p.ERE
6OMNR. 2000. A Slviculture Guide to Managing Southern Ontario Forests. Forest Analyst, Southcentral Sciences Section, OMNR. 654 p.ERE
8Farrar, J. L. 1996. Les arbres du Canada (Trees in Canada). Éditions Fidès. 502 p.ERE
9Frère Marie-Victorin. 1964. Flore Laurentienne. 2e Éd., Montréal, Presses Université de Montréal. 925 p.ERE
10OMNR. 1998. A silvicultural guide for the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence conifer forest in Ontario. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., Queen's Printer for Ontario. Toronto. 424 p.ERE
11OMNR. 1997. Silvicultural guide to managing for black spruce, jack pine and aspen on boreal forest ecosites in Ontario. Version 1.1. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., Queen’s Printer for Ontario, Toronto. 3 books. 822 p.ERE
14Hydro-Québec. 2005. Répertoire des arbres et arbustes ornementaux . Hydro-Québec Distribution. 547 p.ERE
15Jobidon, R. 1995. Autécologie de quelques espèces de compétition d'importance pour la régénération forestière au Québec - Revue de littérature. Mémoire de recherche forestière no 117. Gouvernement du Québec, ministère des Ressources naturelles, Direction de la recherche forestière. 180 p.ERE
24Ringius G. et R. Sims. 1997. Plantes indicatrices des forêts canadiennes. Service canadien des forêts, Ressources naturelles Canada. 217 p.ERE
27Fleurbec, 1987. Plantes sauvages des lacs, rivières, tourbières. Édition Fleurbec, Saint-Augustin, Québec. 399 p. ERE
29Fleurbec, 1993. Fougères, prêles et lycopodes. Édition Fleurbec, Saint-Henri-de-Lévis, Québec. 511 p.ERE
30Lamoureux, G. 1979. Plantes sauvages printanières. Éditions France-Amérique. 247 p. ERE
32USDA Forest Service. Consulté en mars 2008. (Internet : http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/)ERE
33Bashant, A. L., R. D. Nyland, H. M. Engelman, K. K. Bohn, J. M. Verostek, P. J. Donoso and R. L. Nissen Jr. 2005. The role of interfering plants in regenerating hardwood stands in Northeastern North America: An annotated bibliography for American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), striped maple (Acer pennsylvanicum L.). hobblebush (Viburnum alnifolium Marsh.), hayscented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula L.), New York fern (Thelypteris noveborecensis L.), bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum L.), rasberries (Rubus spp.), and pin cherry (Prunus pennsylvanica L.f.). Univ. Maine, Maine Agric. and For. Exp. Stn. Misc. Publ. 753.ERE
34Nyland, R. D., A. L. Bashant, K. K. Bohn and J. M. Verostek. 2006. Interference to hardwood regeneration in Northeastern North America: Ecologic characteristics of American beech, striped maple, and hobblebush. North. J. Appl. For.: 23(1):53-61.ERE
35Nyland, R. D., A. L. Bashant, K. K. Bohn and J. M. Verostek. 2006. Interference to hardwood regeneration in Northeastern North America: Controlling effects of American beech, striped maple, and hobblebush. North. J. Appl. For.: 23(2):122-132.ERE
36Nyland, R. D., A. L. Bashant, E. F. Heitzman and J. M. Verostek. 2007. Interference to Hardwood Regeneration in Northeastern North America: Pin Cherry and Its Effects. North. J. Appl. For.: 24(1):52-60.ERE
37McRae, D. J. 1998. Effective control of bracken fern by prescribed fire. Pages 199-201 in Popular summaries: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Forest Vegetation Management, August 24-28, 1998, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre.ERE
40Donoso, P. J. and R. D. Nyland. 2006. Interference to hardwood regeneration in Northeastern North America: The effects of raspberries (Rubus spp.) following clearcutting and shelterwood methods. North. J. Appl. For.:23(4):288-296.ERE
41Ministère des ressources naturelles. 1995. Étude comparative des modes de dégagement de la régénération forestière. Annexe A : Les espèces de compétition. 100 p.ERE
42Risenhoover L. and A. Maass. 1987. The influence of moose on the composition and structure of Isle Royale Can. J. For. Res. 17: 357-364 ERE
43Lavoie, C. and A. Saint-Louis. 1999. The spread of grey birch (Betula populifolia) in eastern Quebec: landscapes and historical considerations. Can. J. Bot. 77: 859-868.ERE
44Catling, P. M. and W. Spicer. 1988. The separation of Betula populifolia and Betula pendula and their status in Ontario. Can. J. For. Res. 18: 1017-1026.ERE
45Kemball, K. J. et al. 2005. Response of understory plant communitiy of boreal mixedwood stands to fire, logging, and spruce budworm outbreak. Can. J. Bot. 83: 1550-1560.ERE
46USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. Plant Database. Characteristics. Available : http://plants.usda.gov [2008 April]ERE
48Pitt, D. G., M. T. Dumas, R. E. Wall, D. G. Thompson, L. Lanteigne, W. Hintz, G. Sampson and R. G. Wagner. 1999. Chondrostereum purpureum as a biological control agent in forest vegetation management. I. Efficacy on speckled alder, red maple, and aspen in eastern Canada. Can. J. For. Res. 29(7):841 - 851.ERE
49Truax, B., F. Lambert and D. Gagnon. 2000. Herbicide-free plantations of oaks and ashes along a gradient of open to forested mesic environments. For. Ecol. Manage. 137(1):155-169.ERE
50Meilleur, A., H. Véronneau and A. Bouchard. 1994. Shrub communities as inhibitors of plant succession in southern Quebec. Environ. Manage. 18(6):907-921.ERE
51Aubin, I., M. Beaudet and C. Messier. 2000. Light extinction coefficients specific to the understory vegetation of the southern boreal forest (Québec). Can. J. For. Res. 30(1) : 168-177.ERE
52Aubin, I., C. Messier and D. Kneeshaw. 2005. Population structure and growth acclimation of mountain maple along a sucessional gradient in the southern boreal forest. Ecoscience. 12(4) : 540-548.ERE
53De Grandpré, L., D. Gagnon. and Y. Bergeron. 1993. Changes in the understory of Canadian southern boreal forest after fire. J. Veg. Sci. 4 : 803-810.ERE
54De Grandpré, L., L. Archambault and J. Morissette. 2000. Early understory successional changes following clearcutting in the balsam fir-yellow birch forest. Écoscience. 7(1) : 92-100.ERE
55Archambault, L., J. Morissette and M. Bernier-Cardou. 1998. Forest succession over a 20-year period following clearcutting in balsam fir - yellow birch ecosystems of eastern Québec, Canada. For. Ecol. Manage. 102(1):61-74.ERE
56Bourgeois, L., C. Messier and S. Brais. 2004. Mountain maple and balsam fir early response to partial and clear-cut harvesting under aspen stands of northern Quebec. Can. J. For. Res. 34 : 2049-2059.ERE
57Prévost, M. 2008. Effect of cutting intensity on microenvironmental conditions and regeneration dynamics in yellow birch - conifer stands. Can. J. For. Res. 38 : 317-330.ERE
58Poulin, J. et C. Messier. 2007. Rapport de paramétrisation du modèle de simulation de la dynamique forestière SORTIE-ND pour la forêt boréale et sub-boréale de l’ouest du Québec. Rapport du Centre d'étude de la forêt (CEF), 56 p.ERE
59Rook, E.J.S. 2002. Shrubs of the Northwoods. Available : http://www.rook.org/earl/bwca/nature/shrubs/index.htmlERE
60Sullivan, J. 1993. Acer spicatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online].U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ [2008, April 27].ERE
61Kneeshaw, D. D., R. K. Kobe, K.D. Coates, and C. Messier. 2006. Sapling size influences shade tolerance ranking among southern boreal tree species. J. Ecol. 94 : 471-480.ERE
62Sullivan, J. R. 1983. Comparative reproductive biology of Acer pensylvanicum and A. spicatum (Aceraceae). American Journal of Botany. 70(6) : 916-924ERE
63Archambault, L., J. Morissette et M. Bernier-Cardou. 1997. Succession forestière après feu dans la sapinière à bouleau jaune du Bas-Saint-Laurent, Québec . For. Chron. 73(6) : 702-710.ERE

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